5G base station deployment perspectives in millimeter wave frequencies using meta-heuristic algorithms

It can be predicted that the infrastructure of the existing wireless networks will not fill the requirement of the fifth generation (5G) wireless network due to the high data rates and a large number of expected traffic. Thus, a novel deployment method is crucial to satisfy 5G features. Meta-heuristic is expected to be a promising method for the complex deployment optimization problem of the 5G network. This work presents an implementation of a meta-heuristic algorithm based on swarm intelligence, to minimize the number of base stations (BSs) and optimize their placements in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz and 38 GHz) in the context of the 5G network while satisfying user data rates requirement. Then, an iterative method is applied to remove redundant BSs. We formulate an optimization problem that takes into account multiple 5G network deployment scenarios. Further, a comparative study is conducted with the well-known simulated annealing (SA) using Monte Carlo simulations to assess the performance of the developed model. In our simulation results, we divide the region of interest into two subareas with different user distributions for different network scenarios while considering the intercell interference. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach has better network coverage with low percentage users in outage. In addition, the developed approach has less computational times to reach the desired target network quality of service (QoS).