A combined theoretical and experimental study of the electrochemically induced chemisorption of acrylonitrile on nickel, copper, and zinc

We report a combined theoretical and experimental study of the interaction between a series of transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn) and acrylonitrile. We demonstrate experimentally that the transition metal has a selective role in the grafting of electropolymerized acrylonitrile. Nickel and copper substrates support the formation of a polyacrylonitrile film, while zinc does not. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that acrylonitrile molecules form π-d bonds with Ni and Cu atoms, but do not react chemically with a Zn atom, in qualitative agreement with the experiment. Computational results also show that the electron affinity is significantly increased upon chemisorption, promoting radical anion species at the metal surface as initiators for polymerization.