TY - JOUR
T1 - Adsorption as a technology to achieve ultra-low concentrations of phosphate: Research gaps and economic analysis
AU - Kumar, Prashanth Suresh
AU - Korving, Leon
AU - van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M.
AU - Witkamp, Geert Jan
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledgements: This work was performed in the TTIW-cooperation framework of Wetsus,European Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology(www.wetsus.nl). Wetsus is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Fryslân, the City of Leeuwarden and the EZ/Kompas program of the ‘Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland’. The authors would like to thank the participants of the research theme “Phosphate Recovery” for their financial support and helpful discussions.
PY - 2019/4/6
Y1 - 2019/4/6
N2 - Eutrophication and the resulting formation of harmful algal blooms (HAB) causes huge economic and environmental damages. Phosphorus (P) from sewage effluent and agricultural run-off has been identified as a major cause for eutrophication. Phosphorous concentrations greater than 100 ¼g P/L are usually considered high enough to cause eutrophication. The strictest regulations however aim to restrict the concentration below 10 ¼g P/L. Orthophosphate (or phosphate) is the bioavailable form of phosphorus. Adsorption is often suggested as technology to reduce phosphate to concentrations less than 100 and even 10 ¼g P/L with the advantages of a low-footprint, minimal waste generation and the option to recover the phosphate. Although many studies report on phosphate adsorption, there is insufficient information regarding parameters that are necessary to evaluate its application on a large scale. This review discusses the main parameters that affect the economics of phosphate adsorption and highlights the research gaps. A scenario and sensitivity analysis shows the importance of adsorbent regeneration and reuse. The cost of phosphate adsorption using reusable porous metal oxide is in the range of $\$$ 100 to 200/Kg P for reducing the phosphate to ultra-low concentrations. Future research needs to focus on adsorption capacity at low phosphate concentrations, regeneration and reuse of both the adsorbent and the regeneration liquid.
AB - Eutrophication and the resulting formation of harmful algal blooms (HAB) causes huge economic and environmental damages. Phosphorus (P) from sewage effluent and agricultural run-off has been identified as a major cause for eutrophication. Phosphorous concentrations greater than 100 ¼g P/L are usually considered high enough to cause eutrophication. The strictest regulations however aim to restrict the concentration below 10 ¼g P/L. Orthophosphate (or phosphate) is the bioavailable form of phosphorus. Adsorption is often suggested as technology to reduce phosphate to concentrations less than 100 and even 10 ¼g P/L with the advantages of a low-footprint, minimal waste generation and the option to recover the phosphate. Although many studies report on phosphate adsorption, there is insufficient information regarding parameters that are necessary to evaluate its application on a large scale. This review discusses the main parameters that affect the economics of phosphate adsorption and highlights the research gaps. A scenario and sensitivity analysis shows the importance of adsorbent regeneration and reuse. The cost of phosphate adsorption using reusable porous metal oxide is in the range of $\$$ 100 to 200/Kg P for reducing the phosphate to ultra-low concentrations. Future research needs to focus on adsorption capacity at low phosphate concentrations, regeneration and reuse of both the adsorbent and the regeneration liquid.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/652865
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914719300660
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065142147&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100029
DO - 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100029
M3 - Article
C2 - 31334493
SN - 2589-9147
VL - 4
SP - 100029
JO - Water Research X
JF - Water Research X
ER -