TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical genomics expands the morbid genome of intellectual disability and offers a high diagnostic yield
AU - Anazi, S.
AU - Maddirevula, S.
AU - Faqeih, E.
AU - Alsedairy, H.
AU - Alzahrani, F.
AU - Shamseldin, H. E.
AU - Patel, N.
AU - Hashem, M.
AU - Ibrahim, N.
AU - Abdulwahab, F.
AU - Ewida, N.
AU - Alsaif, H. S.
AU - Al Sharif, H.
AU - Alamoudi, W.
AU - Kentab, A.
AU - Bashiri, F. A.
AU - Alnaser, M.
AU - Alwadei, A. H.
AU - Alfadhel, M.
AU - Eyaid, W.
AU - Hashem, A.
AU - Al Asmari, A.
AU - Saleh, M. M.
AU - Alsaman, A.
AU - Alhasan, K. A.
AU - Alsughayir, M.
AU - Al Shammari, M.
AU - Mahmoud, A.
AU - Al-Hassnan, Z. N.
AU - Al-Husain, M.
AU - Osama Khalil, R.
AU - Abd Elmeguid, N.
AU - Masri, A.
AU - Ali, R.
AU - Ben-Omran, T.
AU - Elfishway, P.
AU - Hashish, A.
AU - Ercan Sencicek, A.
AU - State, M.
AU - Alazami, A. M.
AU - Salih, M. A.
AU - Altassan, N.
AU - Arold, S. T.
AU - Abouelhoda, M.
AU - Wakil, S. M.
AU - Monies, D.
AU - Shaheen, R.
AU - Alkuraya, F. S.
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the study families for their enthusiastic participation. This work was supported by KACST Grant 13-BIO1113-20 (FSA) and the Saudi Human Genome Project. The research by STA reported in this publication was supported by funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Intellectual disability (ID) is a measurable phenotypic consequence of genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we prospectively assessed the diagnostic yield of genomic tools (molecular karyotyping, multi-gene panel and exome sequencing) in a cohort of 337 ID subjects as a first-tier test and compared it with a standard clinical evaluation performed in parallel. Standard clinical evaluation suggested a diagnosis in 16% of cases (54/337) but only 70% of these (38/54) were subsequently confirmed. On the other hand, the genomic approach revealed a likely diagnosis in 58% (n=196). These included copy number variants in 14% (n=54, 15% are novel), and point mutations revealed by multi-gene panel and exome sequencing in the remaining 43% (1% were found to have Fragile-X). The identified point mutations were mostly recessive (n=117, 81%), consistent with the high consanguinity of the study cohort, but also X-linked (n=8, 6%) and de novo dominant (n=19, 13%). When applied directly on all cases with negative molecular karyotyping, the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing was 60% (77/129). Exome sequencing also identified likely pathogenic variants in three novel candidate genes (DENND5A, NEMF and DNHD1) each of which harbored independent homozygous mutations in patients with overlapping phenotypes. In addition, exome sequencing revealed de novo and recessive variants in 32 genes (MAMDC2, TUBAL3, CPNE6, KLHL24, USP2, PIP5K1A, UBE4A, TP53TG5, ATOH1, C16ORF90, SLC39A14, TRERF1, RGL1, CDH11, SYDE2, HIRA, FEZF2, PROCA1, PIANP, PLK2, QRFPR, AP3B2, NUDT2, UFC1, BTN3A2, TADA1, ARFGEF3, FAM160B1, ZMYM5, SLC45A1, ARHGAP33 and CAPS2), which we highlight as potential candidates on the basis of several lines of evidence, and one of these genes (SLC39A14) was biallelically inactivated in a potentially treatable form of hypermanganesemia and neurodegeneration. Finally, likely causal variants in previously published candidate genes were identified (ASTN1, HELZ, THOC6, WDR45B, ADRA2B and CLIP1), thus supporting their involvement in ID pathogenesis. Our results expand the morbid genome of ID and support the adoption of genomics as a first-tier test for individuals with ID.
AB - Intellectual disability (ID) is a measurable phenotypic consequence of genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we prospectively assessed the diagnostic yield of genomic tools (molecular karyotyping, multi-gene panel and exome sequencing) in a cohort of 337 ID subjects as a first-tier test and compared it with a standard clinical evaluation performed in parallel. Standard clinical evaluation suggested a diagnosis in 16% of cases (54/337) but only 70% of these (38/54) were subsequently confirmed. On the other hand, the genomic approach revealed a likely diagnosis in 58% (n=196). These included copy number variants in 14% (n=54, 15% are novel), and point mutations revealed by multi-gene panel and exome sequencing in the remaining 43% (1% were found to have Fragile-X). The identified point mutations were mostly recessive (n=117, 81%), consistent with the high consanguinity of the study cohort, but also X-linked (n=8, 6%) and de novo dominant (n=19, 13%). When applied directly on all cases with negative molecular karyotyping, the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing was 60% (77/129). Exome sequencing also identified likely pathogenic variants in three novel candidate genes (DENND5A, NEMF and DNHD1) each of which harbored independent homozygous mutations in patients with overlapping phenotypes. In addition, exome sequencing revealed de novo and recessive variants in 32 genes (MAMDC2, TUBAL3, CPNE6, KLHL24, USP2, PIP5K1A, UBE4A, TP53TG5, ATOH1, C16ORF90, SLC39A14, TRERF1, RGL1, CDH11, SYDE2, HIRA, FEZF2, PROCA1, PIANP, PLK2, QRFPR, AP3B2, NUDT2, UFC1, BTN3A2, TADA1, ARFGEF3, FAM160B1, ZMYM5, SLC45A1, ARHGAP33 and CAPS2), which we highlight as potential candidates on the basis of several lines of evidence, and one of these genes (SLC39A14) was biallelically inactivated in a potentially treatable form of hypermanganesemia and neurodegeneration. Finally, likely causal variants in previously published candidate genes were identified (ASTN1, HELZ, THOC6, WDR45B, ADRA2B and CLIP1), thus supporting their involvement in ID pathogenesis. Our results expand the morbid genome of ID and support the adoption of genomics as a first-tier test for individuals with ID.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84978664186&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/mp.2016.113
DO - 10.1038/mp.2016.113
M3 - Article
C2 - 27431290
AN - SCOPUS:84978664186
SN - 1359-4184
VL - 22
SP - 615
EP - 624
JO - Molecular Psychiatry
JF - Molecular Psychiatry
IS - 4
ER -
