Computational assessment of thermally stratified magnetohydrodynamics Maxwell nanofluid with Joule heating and melting heat transfer

Researchers have reported an excellent desire for power storage devices that are more reliable and long-lasting. Battery storage devices are used in waste-to-energy recovery, wind power, mixed energy generation, and heating reactor designs. There are three more helpful methods for storing heat energy: Latent heat storage, like sensible heat storage and chemical heat storage, is a type of energy storage. In these processes, latent thermal energy storage is quite expensive and productive. Melting is a technique for storing heat energy in a material. The substance is frozen to release the stored heat energy. Melting phenomena include freezing a ground-based pump's heat exchanger coils, tundra melting, magma solidification, and semiconducting processes. Because of the importance mentioned above, the current study investigates the behavior of a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid with heat radiation influence across a stretchable surface. The melting process, quadratic thermal and solutal stratification viscous dissipations, and Joule heating effects will also be examined. The impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion will also be assessed. Moreover, the binary chemical reaction will be included when evaluating the MHD mixed convective flow. The governing nonlinear equations of velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles will also be used to form the constructed fluid model. Under the boundary layer approximation, the equations governing the problem are reduced into non-linear and dimensionless ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the convergent approach. The Maxwell fluid parameter enhances while the magnetic field parameter decreases the velocity of the nanofluid, which is one of the most noteworthy findings of the study. However, when the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters increase, the fluid temperature increases. The decrease occurs in the concentration profile with improving solutal stratification estimations while growing with enhancing chemical reaction parameters. With the increase in nanoparticle volume fraction, the nanofluid's temperature decrease, but the nanofluid's velocity improves.