TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation mechanism of alachlor during direct ozonation and O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process
AU - Qiang, Zhimin
AU - Liu, Chao
AU - Dong, Bingzhi
AU - Zhang, Yalei
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project # 20677071), the Key Technology R&D Programs of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project # 2006BAJ08B02, 2006BAJ08B10), and the special fund from the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry (08Z01ESPCR).
PY - 2010/1
Y1 - 2010/1
N2 - The degradation of alachlor by direct ozonation and advanced oxidation process O3/H2O2 was investigated in this study with focus on identification of degradation byproducts. The second-order reaction rate constant between ozone and alachlor was determined to be 2.5 ± 0.1 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0 and 20 °C. Twelve and eight high-molecular-weight byproducts (with the benzene ring intact) from alachlor degradation were identified during direct ozonation and O3/H2O2, respectively. The common degradation byproducts included N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-methyleneamine, 8-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-quinoline, 8-ethyl-quinoline, 1-chloroacetyl-2-hydro-3-ketone-7-acetyl-indole, 2-chloro-2′,6′-diacetyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2′-acetyl-6′-ethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide, and two hydroxylated alachlor isomers. In direct ozonation, four more byproducts were also identified including 1-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydro-7-ethyl-indole, 2-chloro-2′,6′-ethyl-acetanilide, 2-chloro-2′,6′-acetyl-acetanilide and 2-chloro-2′-ethyl-6′-acetyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide. Degradation of alachlor by O3 and O3/H2O2 also led to the formation of low-molecular-weight byproducts including formic, acetic, propionic, monochloroacetic and oxalic acids as well as chloride ion (only detected in O3/H2O2). Nitrite and nitrate formation was negligible. Alachlor degradation occurred via oxidation of the arylethyl group, N-dealkylation, cyclization and cleavage of benzene ring. After O3 or O3/H2O2 treatment, the toxicity of alachlor solution examined by the Daphnia magna bioassay was slightly reduced.
AB - The degradation of alachlor by direct ozonation and advanced oxidation process O3/H2O2 was investigated in this study with focus on identification of degradation byproducts. The second-order reaction rate constant between ozone and alachlor was determined to be 2.5 ± 0.1 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0 and 20 °C. Twelve and eight high-molecular-weight byproducts (with the benzene ring intact) from alachlor degradation were identified during direct ozonation and O3/H2O2, respectively. The common degradation byproducts included N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-methyleneamine, 8-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-quinoline, 8-ethyl-quinoline, 1-chloroacetyl-2-hydro-3-ketone-7-acetyl-indole, 2-chloro-2′,6′-diacetyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide, 2-chloro-2′-acetyl-6′-ethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide, and two hydroxylated alachlor isomers. In direct ozonation, four more byproducts were also identified including 1-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydro-7-ethyl-indole, 2-chloro-2′,6′-ethyl-acetanilide, 2-chloro-2′,6′-acetyl-acetanilide and 2-chloro-2′-ethyl-6′-acetyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide. Degradation of alachlor by O3 and O3/H2O2 also led to the formation of low-molecular-weight byproducts including formic, acetic, propionic, monochloroacetic and oxalic acids as well as chloride ion (only detected in O3/H2O2). Nitrite and nitrate formation was negligible. Alachlor degradation occurred via oxidation of the arylethyl group, N-dealkylation, cyclization and cleavage of benzene ring. After O3 or O3/H2O2 treatment, the toxicity of alachlor solution examined by the Daphnia magna bioassay was slightly reduced.
KW - Alachlor
KW - Byproduct
KW - Mechanism
KW - Ozone
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=73049094372&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.037
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.037
M3 - Article
C2 - 20022076
AN - SCOPUS:73049094372
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 78
SP - 517
EP - 526
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 5
ER -