TY - JOUR
T1 - Differing toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM)in global cities
AU - Li, Jing
AU - Chen, Haoxuan
AU - Li, Xinyue
AU - Wang, Minfei
AU - Zhang, Xiangyu
AU - Cao, Junji
AU - Shen, Fangxia
AU - Wu, Yan
AU - Xu, Siyu
AU - Fan, Hanqing
AU - Da, Guillaume
AU - Huang, Ru jin
AU - Wang, Jing
AU - Chan, Chak K.
AU - De Jesus, Alma Lorelei
AU - Morawska, Lidia
AU - Yao, Maosheng
N1 - Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2023-07-06
PY - 2019/9/1
Y1 - 2019/9/1
N2 - Air quality is often assessed using particulate matter (PM)mass concentration without considering its toxicity, thus possibly leading to improper control policies or inadequate health protection. Here, we studied differences in oxidative potentials (OPs)of PM samples collected using automobile air conditioning (AC)filters from 19 global cities, as well as influences from microbial contents. Dithiothreitol (DTT)assay showed remarkable differences in the PM OPs among cities (p-values ≤ 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). For example, the normalized index of oxidant generation (NIOG)of PM samples in San Francisco (2.20 × 10−2, annual average PM10 = 16 μg/m3)was found to be twice that in Beijing (1.14 × 10−2, annual average PM10 = 135 μg/m3). Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)assay found that PM-borne endotoxin ranged from 12.16 EU/mg (Florianopolis, Brazil)to 2518.23 EU/mg (Chennai, India)among cities. Besides, culturing method and real-time qPCR revealed significant differences of up to ∼100-fold in both bacterial and fungal levels among 19 cities. Spearman's correlation analysis implied that PM-borne microbes such as bacteria and fungi as well as metals could strongly influence the PM OP. As an example, our results in Xi'an, China further suggest that the PM2.5 OP evolves for a particular city over the time, which is attributable to both the urbanization and air pollution control measures. This work highlights the importance in optimizing the current air quality control measures by considering the toxicity factor and its microbial constituents.
AB - Air quality is often assessed using particulate matter (PM)mass concentration without considering its toxicity, thus possibly leading to improper control policies or inadequate health protection. Here, we studied differences in oxidative potentials (OPs)of PM samples collected using automobile air conditioning (AC)filters from 19 global cities, as well as influences from microbial contents. Dithiothreitol (DTT)assay showed remarkable differences in the PM OPs among cities (p-values ≤ 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). For example, the normalized index of oxidant generation (NIOG)of PM samples in San Francisco (2.20 × 10−2, annual average PM10 = 16 μg/m3)was found to be twice that in Beijing (1.14 × 10−2, annual average PM10 = 135 μg/m3). Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)assay found that PM-borne endotoxin ranged from 12.16 EU/mg (Florianopolis, Brazil)to 2518.23 EU/mg (Chennai, India)among cities. Besides, culturing method and real-time qPCR revealed significant differences of up to ∼100-fold in both bacterial and fungal levels among 19 cities. Spearman's correlation analysis implied that PM-borne microbes such as bacteria and fungi as well as metals could strongly influence the PM OP. As an example, our results in Xi'an, China further suggest that the PM2.5 OP evolves for a particular city over the time, which is attributable to both the urbanization and air pollution control measures. This work highlights the importance in optimizing the current air quality control measures by considering the toxicity factor and its microbial constituents.
UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S135223101930353X
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066241645&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.048
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.048
M3 - Article
SN - 1873-2844
VL - 212
SP - 305
EP - 315
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
ER -
