Displacements of the tibial tuberosity: Effects of the surgical parameters

A three-dimensional computer model is used, based on the finite element method to investigate the effects of 1-, 1.5-, and 2-cm tibial tubercle elevations and of 0.5- and 1-cm medial displacements of the tuberosity, performed with different bone shingles. Patellar kinematics and patellofemoral interface peak pressure, between 45°and 135°of passive knee flexion, are compared for these different surgical parameters with those of a normal knee not surgically treated. The single lengths of 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm have little influence on the results. Augmenting tubercle medializations decrease the lateral peak pressure but result in an overpressure of the medial facet that is 154% of the normal peak value. With knee flexion between 45°and 60°, increasing tubercle elevations decreases lateral and medial peak pressures. With flexion of more than 60°, increasing elevations decrease the lateral peak pressure, but they augment and even cause overpressure on the medial facet. An overpressure on the lateral facet also is seen in midrange knee flexion (750-90°) for all tubercle elevation values. Increasing tubercle elevations and medializations appear to be the predominant parameters from a biomechanical point of view.