Double-diffusive convection of solid particles in a porous X-shaped cavity filled with a nanofluid

In this work, numerical results are discussed for thermo-solutal convection resulting from embedded solid particles and partial length in X-shaped cavity. A heterogeneous porous medium and Al2O3-water nanofluid are filled the X-shaped cavity. The solid particles with a high temperature Thand concentration Chare filling the center part of X-shaped cavity. Variable length in the left-wall of X-shaped cavity is carrying Thand Chand similar variable length in the right-wall has Tcand Ccand the other wall parts are adiabatic.In this study, an incompressible s,oothed particle hydrodynamics is utilized to solve the governing equations of velocities, temperature and concentrations. Numerical simulations have been obtained for the variation of buoyancy ratio (−1 ≤ N ≤ 1) , Darcy parameter (10-2 ≤ Da ≤ 10-5), Lewis number (1 ≤ Le ≤ 50) , solid volume fraction (0 ≤ phiv ≤ 50) , partial lengths (0.6 ≤ Lh≤ 2) and Length of solid particles.