TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamics of antisolvent processed hybrid metal halide perovskites studied by in situ photoluminescence and its influence on optoelectronic properties
AU - Song, Tze-Bin
AU - Yuan, Zhenghao
AU - Babbe, Finn
AU - Nenon, David P.
AU - Aydin, Erkan
AU - De Wolf, Stefaan
AU - Sutter-Fella, Carolin M.
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledgements: This manuscript was prepared with support from the Laboratory Directed Research andDevelopment (LDRD) program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231(T.-B.S. and C.M.S.-F.). This material is based upon work performed by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0004993 (F.B.). D.P.N. gratefully acknowledges the National
Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE 1752814. E. A. and S. De W. thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for the award no. OSR CARF URF/1/3079-33-01.
PY - 2020/2/13
Y1 - 2020/2/13
N2 - The antisolvent dripping time during spin-coating of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) strongly impacts film morphology as well as possible formation of the intermediate precursor phase, and – consequently – device performance. Here, we use in situ photoluminescence (PL) to directly monitor the fast-occurring changes during MAPbI3 synthesis. These measurements reveal how the ideal timing of the antisolvent leads to homogeneous nucleation and pinhole-free films. In addition, these films show significantly reduced nonradiative recombination with 1.5 orders of magnitude difference in absolute PL quantum yield compared to films where no antisolvent is applied. Low-temperature PL measurements confirm that antisolvent treatment reduces the number of trap states presumably in the bulk material. However, if the antisolvent is dripped late, heterogeneous nucleation via the orthorhombic (MA)2(DMF)2Pb3I8 intermediate phase leads to a needle-like morphology that can be correlated to a red-shifted in situ PL signature. We find that the ideal dripping window is very narrow when using dimethylformamide as the solvent, confirmed by device performance metrics. Finally, the use of in situ PL is discussed to gain information on nucleation, growth and ultimately increase reproducibility.
AB - The antisolvent dripping time during spin-coating of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) strongly impacts film morphology as well as possible formation of the intermediate precursor phase, and – consequently – device performance. Here, we use in situ photoluminescence (PL) to directly monitor the fast-occurring changes during MAPbI3 synthesis. These measurements reveal how the ideal timing of the antisolvent leads to homogeneous nucleation and pinhole-free films. In addition, these films show significantly reduced nonradiative recombination with 1.5 orders of magnitude difference in absolute PL quantum yield compared to films where no antisolvent is applied. Low-temperature PL measurements confirm that antisolvent treatment reduces the number of trap states presumably in the bulk material. However, if the antisolvent is dripped late, heterogeneous nucleation via the orthorhombic (MA)2(DMF)2Pb3I8 intermediate phase leads to a needle-like morphology that can be correlated to a red-shifted in situ PL signature. We find that the ideal dripping window is very narrow when using dimethylformamide as the solvent, confirmed by device performance metrics. Finally, the use of in situ PL is discussed to gain information on nucleation, growth and ultimately increase reproducibility.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/661574
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.9b02052
U2 - 10.1021/acsaem.9b02052
DO - 10.1021/acsaem.9b02052
M3 - Article
SN - 2574-0962
JO - ACS Applied Energy Materials
JF - ACS Applied Energy Materials
ER -