Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics

Fabrizio Torricelli, Demetra Z. Adrahtas, Zhenan Bao, Magnus Berggren, Fabio Biscarini, Annalisa Bonfiglio, Carlo A. Bortolotti, C. Daniel Frisbie, Eleonora Macchia, George G. Malliaras, Iain McCulloch, Maximilian Moser, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Róisín M. Owens, Alberto Salleo, Andrea Spanu, Luisa Torsi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

212 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalNature Reviews Methods Primers
Volume1
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 7 2021

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