TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics
AU - Torricelli, Fabrizio
AU - Adrahtas, Demetra Z.
AU - Bao, Zhenan
AU - Berggren, Magnus
AU - Biscarini, Fabio
AU - Bonfiglio, Annalisa
AU - Bortolotti, Carlo A.
AU - Frisbie, C. Daniel
AU - Macchia, Eleonora
AU - Malliaras, George G.
AU - McCulloch, Iain
AU - Moser, Maximilian
AU - Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen
AU - Owens, Róisín M.
AU - Salleo, Alberto
AU - Spanu, Andrea
AU - Torsi, Luisa
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-10-12
Acknowledgements: F.T and L.T. acknowledge financial support from the European Union, Italian Government and Lombardia Region for the project BIOSCREEN (POR FESR 2014-2020, ID number 1831459, CUP E81B20000320007). F.T., E.M. and L.T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission for the project SiMBiT (Horizon 2020 ICT, contract number 824946). D.Z.A. was supported by a Biotechnology Training (Grant No. NIH T32GM008347). G.G.M. acknowledges support from H2020-EU-FET Open MITICS (964677).
PY - 2021/10/7
Y1 - 2021/10/7
N2 - Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
AB - Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672545
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s43586-021-00065-8
U2 - 10.1038/s43586-021-00065-8
DO - 10.1038/s43586-021-00065-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 35475166
SN - 2662-8449
VL - 1
JO - Nature Reviews Methods Primers
JF - Nature Reviews Methods Primers
IS - 1
ER -