Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates

Weiming Qiu; Ulrich W Paetzold; Robert Gehlhaar; Vladimir Smirnov; Hans-Gerd Boyen; Jeffrey Gerhart Tait; Bert Conings; Weimin Zhang; Christian Nielsen; Iain McCulloch; Ludo Froyen; Paul Heremans; David Cheyns

doi:10.1039/C5TA07515G

Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates

Weiming Qiu, Ulrich W Paetzold, Robert Gehlhaar, Vladimir Smirnov, Hans-Gerd Boyen, Jeffrey Gerhart Tait, Bert Conings, Weimin Zhang, Christian Nielsen, Iain McCulloch, Ludo Froyen, Paul Heremans, David Cheyns

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Abstract

The TiO2 layer made by electron beam (e-beam) induced evaporation is demonstrated as electron transport layer (ETL) in high efficiency planar junction perovskite solar cells. The temperature of the substrate and the thickness of the TiO2 layer can be easily controlled with this e-beam induced evaporation method, which enables the usage of different types of substrates. Here, Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3-xClx achieve power conversion efficiencies of 14.6% on glass and 13.5% on flexible plastic substrates. The relationship between the TiO2 layer thickness and the perovskite morphology is studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our results indicate that pinholes in thin TiO2 layer lead to pinholes in the perovskite layer. By optimizing the TiO2 thickness, perovskite layers with substantially increased surface coverage and reduced pinhole areas are fabricated, increasing overall device performance.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	22824-22829
Number of pages	6
Journal	J. Mater. Chem. A
Volume	3
Issue number	45
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07515G
State	Published - 2015

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Qiu, W., Paetzold, U. W., Gehlhaar, R., Smirnov, V., Boyen, H.-G., Tait, J. G., Conings, B., Zhang, W., Nielsen, C., McCulloch, I., Froyen, L., Heremans, P., & Cheyns, D. (2015). Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates. J. Mater. Chem. A, 3(45), 22824-22829. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07515G

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title = "Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates",

abstract = "The TiO2 layer made by electron beam (e-beam) induced evaporation is demonstrated as electron transport layer (ETL) in high efficiency planar junction perovskite solar cells. The temperature of the substrate and the thickness of the TiO2 layer can be easily controlled with this e-beam induced evaporation method, which enables the usage of different types of substrates. Here, Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3-xClx achieve power conversion efficiencies of 14.6% on glass and 13.5% on flexible plastic substrates. The relationship between the TiO2 layer thickness and the perovskite morphology is studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our results indicate that pinholes in thin TiO2 layer lead to pinholes in the perovskite layer. By optimizing the TiO2 thickness, perovskite layers with substantially increased surface coverage and reduced pinhole areas are fabricated, increasing overall device performance.",

author = "Weiming Qiu and Paetzold, {Ulrich W} and Robert Gehlhaar and Vladimir Smirnov and Hans-Gerd Boyen and Tait, {Jeffrey Gerhart} and Bert Conings and Weimin Zhang and Christian Nielsen and Iain McCulloch and Ludo Froyen and Paul Heremans and David Cheyns",

note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1039/C5TA07515G",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "3",

pages = "22824--22829",

journal = "J. Mater. Chem. A",

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Qiu, W, Paetzold, UW, Gehlhaar, R, Smirnov, V, Boyen, H-G, Tait, JG, Conings, B, Zhang, W, Nielsen, C, McCulloch, I, Froyen, L, Heremans, P & Cheyns, D 2015, 'Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates', J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 3, no. 45, pp. 22824-22829. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07515G

TY - JOUR

T1 - Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates

AU - Qiu, Weiming

AU - Paetzold, Ulrich W

AU - Gehlhaar, Robert

AU - Smirnov, Vladimir

AU - Boyen, Hans-Gerd

AU - Tait, Jeffrey Gerhart

AU - Conings, Bert

AU - Zhang, Weimin

AU - Nielsen, Christian

AU - McCulloch, Iain

AU - Froyen, Ludo

AU - Heremans, Paul

AU - Cheyns, David

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - The TiO2 layer made by electron beam (e-beam) induced evaporation is demonstrated as electron transport layer (ETL) in high efficiency planar junction perovskite solar cells. The temperature of the substrate and the thickness of the TiO2 layer can be easily controlled with this e-beam induced evaporation method, which enables the usage of different types of substrates. Here, Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3-xClx achieve power conversion efficiencies of 14.6% on glass and 13.5% on flexible plastic substrates. The relationship between the TiO2 layer thickness and the perovskite morphology is studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our results indicate that pinholes in thin TiO2 layer lead to pinholes in the perovskite layer. By optimizing the TiO2 thickness, perovskite layers with substantially increased surface coverage and reduced pinhole areas are fabricated, increasing overall device performance.

AB - The TiO2 layer made by electron beam (e-beam) induced evaporation is demonstrated as electron transport layer (ETL) in high efficiency planar junction perovskite solar cells. The temperature of the substrate and the thickness of the TiO2 layer can be easily controlled with this e-beam induced evaporation method, which enables the usage of different types of substrates. Here, Perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3-xClx achieve power conversion efficiencies of 14.6% on glass and 13.5% on flexible plastic substrates. The relationship between the TiO2 layer thickness and the perovskite morphology is studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our results indicate that pinholes in thin TiO2 layer lead to pinholes in the perovskite layer. By optimizing the TiO2 thickness, perovskite layers with substantially increased surface coverage and reduced pinhole areas are fabricated, increasing overall device performance.

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U2 - 10.1039/C5TA07515G

DO - 10.1039/C5TA07515G

M3 - Article

SN - 2050-7488

VL - 3

SP - 22824

EP - 22829

JO - J. Mater. Chem. A

JF - J. Mater. Chem. A

IS - 45

ER -

Electron Beam Evaporated TiO2 Layer for High Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates

Abstract

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