Formation and modification of polymeric membranes: Overview

Since the early 1960s, synthetic membranes have been used successfully in a wide variety of large-scale industrial applications. The rapid adoption of membranes in industry resulted from breakthrough developments in (i) membrane materials, (ii) membrane structures, and (iii) large-scale membrane production methods. This overview provides a brief introduction to some of the most common membrane formation and modification methods used for production of commercial membranes.