Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Malcolm J. Gardner; Neil Hall; Eula Fung; Owen White; Matthew Berriman; Richard W. Hyman; Jane M. Carlton; Arnab Pain; Karen E. Nelson; Sharen Bowman; Ian T. Paulsen; Keith James; Jonathan A. Eisen; Kim Rutherford; Steven L. Salzberg; Alister Craig; Sue Kyes; Man Suen Chan; Vishvanath Nene; Shamira J. Shallom; Bernard Suh; Jeremy Peterson; Sam Angiuoli; Mihaela Pertea; Jonathan Allen; Jeremy Selengut; Daniel Haft; Michael W. Mather; Akhil B. Vaidya; David M.A. Martin; Alan H. Fairlamb; Martin J. Fraunholz; David S. Roos; Stuart A. Ralph; Geoffrey I. McFadden; Leda M. Cummings; G. Mani Subramanian; Chris Mungall; J. Craig Venter; Daniel J. Carucci; Stephen L. Hoffman; Ronald W. Davis; Claire M. Fraser; Bart Barrell

doi:10.1038/nature01097

Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Malcolm J. Gardner, Neil Hall, Eula Fung, Owen White, Matthew Berriman, Richard W. Hyman, Jane M. Carlton, Arnab Pain, Karen E. Nelson, Sharen Bowman, Ian T. Paulsen, Keith James, Jonathan A. Eisen, Kim Rutherford, Steven L. Salzberg, Alister Craig, Sue Kyes, Man Suen Chan, Vishvanath Nene, Shamira J. ShallomBernard Suh, Jeremy Peterson, Sam Angiuoli, Mihaela Pertea, Jonathan Allen, Jeremy Selengut, Daniel Haft, Michael W. Mather, Akhil B. Vaidya, David M.A. Martin, Alan H. Fairlamb, Martin J. Fraunholz, David S. Roos, Stuart A. Ralph, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Leda M. Cummings, G. Mani Subramanian, Chris Mungall, J. Craig Venter, Daniel J. Carucci, Stephen L. Hoffman, Ronald W. Davis, Claire M. Fraser, Bart Barrell

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5, 300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	498-511
Number of pages	14
Journal	NATURE
Volume	419
Issue number	6906
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01097
State	Published - 2002
Externally published	Yes

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UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Gardner, M. J., Hall, N., Fung, E., White, O., Berriman, M., Hyman, R. W., Carlton, J. M., Pain, A., Nelson, K. E., Bowman, S., Paulsen, I. T., James, K., Eisen, J. A., Rutherford, K., Salzberg, S. L., Craig, A., Kyes, S., Chan, M. S., Nene, V., ... Barrell, B. (2002). Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. NATURE, 419(6906), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01097

@article{900e7642b05644a09e335a198a121183,

title = "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum",

abstract = "The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5, 300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.",

author = "Gardner, {Malcolm J.} and Neil Hall and Eula Fung and Owen White and Matthew Berriman and Hyman, {Richard W.} and Carlton, {Jane M.} and Arnab Pain and Nelson, {Karen E.} and Sharen Bowman and Paulsen, {Ian T.} and Keith James and Eisen, {Jonathan A.} and Kim Rutherford and Salzberg, {Steven L.} and Alister Craig and Sue Kyes and Chan, {Man Suen} and Vishvanath Nene and Shallom, {Shamira J.} and Bernard Suh and Jeremy Peterson and Sam Angiuoli and Mihaela Pertea and Jonathan Allen and Jeremy Selengut and Daniel Haft and Mather, {Michael W.} and Vaidya, {Akhil B.} and Martin, {David M.A.} and Fairlamb, {Alan H.} and Fraunholz, {Martin J.} and Roos, {David S.} and Ralph, {Stuart A.} and McFadden, {Geoffrey I.} and Cummings, {Leda M.} and Subramanian, {G. Mani} and Chris Mungall and Venter, {J. Craig} and Carucci, {Daniel J.} and Hoffman, {Stephen L.} and Davis, {Ronald W.} and Fraser, {Claire M.} and Bart Barrell",

note = "Funding Information: We thank our colleagues at The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Institute for Genomic Research, the Stanford Genome Technology Center, and the Naval Medical Research Center for their support. We thank J. Foster for providing markers for chromosome 14; R. Huestis and K. Fischer for providing RT–PCR data for chromosomes 2 and 3 before publication; A. Waters for assistance with ribosomal RNAs; S. Cawley for assistance with phat; and M. Crawford and R. Wang for discussions. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Naval Medical Research Center, and the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.",

year = "2002",

doi = "10.1038/nature01097",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "419",

pages = "498--511",

journal = "NATURE",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "6906",

}

Gardner, MJ, Hall, N, Fung, E, White, O, Berriman, M, Hyman, RW, Carlton, JM, Pain, A, Nelson, KE, Bowman, S, Paulsen, IT, James, K, Eisen, JA, Rutherford, K, Salzberg, SL, Craig, A, Kyes, S, Chan, MS, Nene, V, Shallom, SJ, Suh, B, Peterson, J, Angiuoli, S, Pertea, M, Allen, J, Selengut, J, Haft, D, Mather, MW, Vaidya, AB, Martin, DMA, Fairlamb, AH, Fraunholz, MJ, Roos, DS, Ralph, SA, McFadden, GI, Cummings, LM, Subramanian, GM, Mungall, C, Venter, JC, Carucci, DJ, Hoffman, SL, Davis, RW, Fraser, CM & Barrell, B 2002, 'Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum', NATURE, vol. 419, no. 6906, pp. 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01097

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

AU - Gardner, Malcolm J.

AU - Hall, Neil

AU - Fung, Eula

AU - White, Owen

AU - Berriman, Matthew

AU - Hyman, Richard W.

AU - Carlton, Jane M.

AU - Pain, Arnab

AU - Nelson, Karen E.

AU - Bowman, Sharen

AU - Paulsen, Ian T.

AU - James, Keith

AU - Eisen, Jonathan A.

AU - Rutherford, Kim

AU - Salzberg, Steven L.

AU - Craig, Alister

AU - Kyes, Sue

AU - Chan, Man Suen

AU - Nene, Vishvanath

AU - Shallom, Shamira J.

AU - Suh, Bernard

AU - Peterson, Jeremy

AU - Angiuoli, Sam

AU - Pertea, Mihaela

AU - Allen, Jonathan

AU - Selengut, Jeremy

AU - Haft, Daniel

AU - Mather, Michael W.

AU - Vaidya, Akhil B.

AU - Martin, David M.A.

AU - Fairlamb, Alan H.

AU - Fraunholz, Martin J.

AU - Roos, David S.

AU - Ralph, Stuart A.

AU - McFadden, Geoffrey I.

AU - Cummings, Leda M.

AU - Subramanian, G. Mani

AU - Mungall, Chris

AU - Venter, J. Craig

AU - Carucci, Daniel J.

AU - Hoffman, Stephen L.

AU - Davis, Ronald W.

AU - Fraser, Claire M.

AU - Barrell, Bart

N1 - Funding Information: We thank our colleagues at The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Institute for Genomic Research, the Stanford Genome Technology Center, and the Naval Medical Research Center for their support. We thank J. Foster for providing markers for chromosome 14; R. Huestis and K. Fischer for providing RT–PCR data for chromosomes 2 and 3 before publication; A. Waters for assistance with ribosomal RNAs; S. Cawley for assistance with phat; and M. Crawford and R. Wang for discussions. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Naval Medical Research Center, and the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.

PY - 2002

Y1 - 2002

N2 - The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5, 300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

AB - The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5, 300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037015614&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature01097

DO - 10.1038/nature01097

M3 - Article

C2 - 12368864

AN - SCOPUS:0037015614

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 419

SP - 498

EP - 511

JO - NATURE

JF - NATURE

IS - 6906

ER -

Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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