TY - JOUR
T1 - Geospatial distribution and health risk assessment of groundwater contaminated within the industrial areas: an environmental sustainability perspective
AU - Khan, Roohul Abad
AU - Khan, Nadeem A.
AU - El Morabet, Rachida
AU - Alsubih, Majed
AU - Qadir, Abdul
AU - Bokhari, Awais
AU - Mubashir, Muhammad
AU - Asif, Saira
AU - Cheah, Wai Yan
AU - Manickam, Sivakumar
AU - Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír
AU - Khoo, Kuan Shiong
N1 - Generated from Scopus record by KAUST IRTS on 2023-09-20
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. The water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.
AB - Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. The water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.
UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045653522012425
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130477462&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134749
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134749
M3 - Article
C2 - 35490754
SN - 1879-1298
VL - 303
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
ER -
