TY - JOUR
T1 - High-modulation-efficiency, integrated waveguide modulator-laser diode at 448 nm
AU - Shen, Chao
AU - Ng, Tien Khee
AU - Leonard, John T.
AU - Pourhashemi, Arash
AU - Oubei, Hassan M.
AU - Alias, Mohd Sharizal
AU - Nakamura, Shuji
AU - DenBaars, Steven P.
AU - Speck, James S.
AU - Alyamani, Ahmed Y.
AU - Eldesouki, Munir M.
AU - Ooi, Boon S.
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
PY - 2016/2/5
Y1 - 2016/2/5
N2 - To date, solid-state lighting (SSL), visible light communication (VLC) and optical clock generation functionalities in the blue-green color regime have been demonstrated based on discrete devices, including light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, and transverse-transmission modulators. This work presents the first integrated waveguide modulator-laser diode (IWM-LD) at 448 nm, offering the advantages of small-footprint, high-speed, and low power-consumption. A high modulation efficiency of 2.68 dB/V, deriving from a large extinction ratio of 9.4 dB and a low operating voltage range of 3.5 V, was measured. The electroabsorption characteristics revealed that the modulation effect, as observed from the red-shifting of the absorption edge, was resulted from the external-field-induced quantum-confined-Stark-effect (QCSE). A comparative analysis of the photocurrent versus wavelength spectra in semipolar- and polar-plane InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) confirmed that the IWM-LD based on semipolar (20¯2 ¯1) QWs was able to operate in a manner similar to other III-V materials typically used in optical telecommunications, due to the reduced piezoelectric field. Utilizing the integrated modulator, a -3dB bandwidth of ~1 GHz was measured, and a data rate of 1 Gbit/s was demonstrated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Our experimental investigation highlighted the advantage of implementing the IWM-LD on the same semipolar QW epitaxy in enabling a high-efficiency platform for SSL-VLC dual-functionalities.
AB - To date, solid-state lighting (SSL), visible light communication (VLC) and optical clock generation functionalities in the blue-green color regime have been demonstrated based on discrete devices, including light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, and transverse-transmission modulators. This work presents the first integrated waveguide modulator-laser diode (IWM-LD) at 448 nm, offering the advantages of small-footprint, high-speed, and low power-consumption. A high modulation efficiency of 2.68 dB/V, deriving from a large extinction ratio of 9.4 dB and a low operating voltage range of 3.5 V, was measured. The electroabsorption characteristics revealed that the modulation effect, as observed from the red-shifting of the absorption edge, was resulted from the external-field-induced quantum-confined-Stark-effect (QCSE). A comparative analysis of the photocurrent versus wavelength spectra in semipolar- and polar-plane InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) confirmed that the IWM-LD based on semipolar (20¯2 ¯1) QWs was able to operate in a manner similar to other III-V materials typically used in optical telecommunications, due to the reduced piezoelectric field. Utilizing the integrated modulator, a -3dB bandwidth of ~1 GHz was measured, and a data rate of 1 Gbit/s was demonstrated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Our experimental investigation highlighted the advantage of implementing the IWM-LD on the same semipolar QW epitaxy in enabling a high-efficiency platform for SSL-VLC dual-functionalities.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/595377
UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00599
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959367767&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00599
DO - 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00599
M3 - Article
SN - 2330-4022
VL - 3
SP - 262
EP - 268
JO - ACS Photonics
JF - ACS Photonics
IS - 2
ER -