TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of nighttime hypoxia on the physiological performance of Red Sea macroalgae under peak summer temperature
AU - Alamoudi, Taiba
AU - Steckbauer, Alexandra
AU - Klein, Shannon G.
AU - Alva García, Jacqueline V.
AU - Arossa, Silvia
AU - Parry, Anieka J.
AU - Duarte, Carlos M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding supporting this research was provided by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology through baseline research funds awarded to Carlos M. Duarte.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Alamoudi, Steckbauer, Klein, Alva García, Arossa, Parry and Duarte.
PY - 2022/11/2
Y1 - 2022/11/2
N2 - Eutrophication-induced hypoxic sites are increasingly reported in coastal regions. At the same time, ocean warming, water column stratification, and changing circulation lead to open-ocean deoxygenation. In coastal areas and reefs with dense vegetation, aquatic organisms can be exposed to oxygen limitation stress where oxygen concentration reaches extremely low levels, particularly during nighttime once photosynthetic O2 production has ceased. Despite scientists being aware of this for decades, little is known about the impact of deoxygenation on the physiology of marine primary producers, such as macroalgae. In the Red Sea, in particular, the physiological adaptations of macroalgae under future climate scenarios are nonexistent. Here, we investigate the impact of different oxygen levels (6.5, 2.5, and 1.3 mg O2 L-1) at night for three conspicuous Red Sea macroalgae species Halimeda opuntia and Padina boryana (calcareous) and the brown algae Sargassum latifolium (noncalcifying). We monitored algal physiological responses during a 12-hour nighttime (dark) period at 32°C by measuring photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), respiration rates, and cellular viability. No lethal thresholds were detected. However, both deoxygenation treatments decreased respiration rates and induced changes in cellular activity, and only under severe hypoxia was a decrease in photochemical efficiency observed in all species. We calculated sublethal O2 thresholds SLC(50) of 1.2 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.1, and 1.7 ± 0.1 mg O2 L-1 for H. opuntia, P. boryana, and S. latifolium, respectively. Therefore, the effects of nighttime hypoxia are evident over short timescales and may impact ecosystems via reduced primary production. Future consequences of persistent hypoxia and subsequent performance in multifaceted stressor exposures will provide a fundamental understanding of hypoxia’s threat to biodiversity and ecosystems.
AB - Eutrophication-induced hypoxic sites are increasingly reported in coastal regions. At the same time, ocean warming, water column stratification, and changing circulation lead to open-ocean deoxygenation. In coastal areas and reefs with dense vegetation, aquatic organisms can be exposed to oxygen limitation stress where oxygen concentration reaches extremely low levels, particularly during nighttime once photosynthetic O2 production has ceased. Despite scientists being aware of this for decades, little is known about the impact of deoxygenation on the physiology of marine primary producers, such as macroalgae. In the Red Sea, in particular, the physiological adaptations of macroalgae under future climate scenarios are nonexistent. Here, we investigate the impact of different oxygen levels (6.5, 2.5, and 1.3 mg O2 L-1) at night for three conspicuous Red Sea macroalgae species Halimeda opuntia and Padina boryana (calcareous) and the brown algae Sargassum latifolium (noncalcifying). We monitored algal physiological responses during a 12-hour nighttime (dark) period at 32°C by measuring photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), respiration rates, and cellular viability. No lethal thresholds were detected. However, both deoxygenation treatments decreased respiration rates and induced changes in cellular activity, and only under severe hypoxia was a decrease in photochemical efficiency observed in all species. We calculated sublethal O2 thresholds SLC(50) of 1.2 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.1, and 1.7 ± 0.1 mg O2 L-1 for H. opuntia, P. boryana, and S. latifolium, respectively. Therefore, the effects of nighttime hypoxia are evident over short timescales and may impact ecosystems via reduced primary production. Future consequences of persistent hypoxia and subsequent performance in multifaceted stressor exposures will provide a fundamental understanding of hypoxia’s threat to biodiversity and ecosystems.
KW - Halimedasp
KW - hypoxia
KW - macroalgae
KW - nighttime
KW - Padinasp
KW - red sea
KW - Sargassumsp
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142185743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmars.2022.1034436
DO - 10.3389/fmars.2022.1034436
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142185743
SN - 2296-7745
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Marine Science
JF - Frontiers in Marine Science
M1 - 1034436
ER -