TY - JOUR
T1 - Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands
AU - Maestre, Fernando T.
AU - Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
AU - Jeffries, Thomas C.
AU - Eldridge, David J.
AU - Ochoa, Victoria
AU - Gozalo, Beatriz
AU - Quero, José Luis
AU - García-Gómez, Miguel
AU - Gallardo, Antonio
AU - Ulrich, Werner
AU - Bowker, Matthew A.
AU - Arredondo, Tulio
AU - Barraza-Zepeda, Claudia
AU - Bran, Donaldo
AU - Florentino, Adriana
AU - Gaitán, Juan
AU - Gutiérrez, Julio R.
AU - Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth
AU - Jankju, Mohammad
AU - Mau, Rebecca L.
AU - Miriti, Maria
AU - Naseri, Kamal
AU - Ospina, Abelardo
AU - Stavi, Ilan
AU - Wang, Deli
AU - Woods, Natasha N.
AU - Yuan, Xia
AU - Zaady, Eli
AU - Singh, Brajesh K.
PY - 2015/12/22
Y1 - 2015/12/22
N2 - Soil bacteria and fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet our understanding of their responses to climate change lags significantly behind that of other organisms. This gap in our understanding is particularly true for drylands, which occupy ∼ 41% of Earth's surface, because no global, systematic assessments of the joint diversity of soil bacteria and fungi have been conducted in these environments to date. Here we present results from a study conducted across 80 dryland sites from all continents, except Antarctica, to assess how changes in aridity affect the composition, abundance, and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi was reduced as aridity increased. These results were largely driven by the negative impacts of aridity on soil organic carbon content, which positively affected the abundance and diversity of both bacteria and fungi. Aridity promoted shifts in the composition of soil bacteria, with increases in the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and α-Proteobacteria and decreases in Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Contrary to what has been reported by previous continental and global-scale studies, soil pH was not a major driver of bacterial diversity, and fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota. Our results fill a critical gap in our understanding of soil microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems. They suggest that changes in aridity, such as those predicted by climatechange models, may reduce microbial abundance and diversity, a response that will likely impact the provision of key ecosystem services by global drylands.
AB - Soil bacteria and fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet our understanding of their responses to climate change lags significantly behind that of other organisms. This gap in our understanding is particularly true for drylands, which occupy ∼ 41% of Earth's surface, because no global, systematic assessments of the joint diversity of soil bacteria and fungi have been conducted in these environments to date. Here we present results from a study conducted across 80 dryland sites from all continents, except Antarctica, to assess how changes in aridity affect the composition, abundance, and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi was reduced as aridity increased. These results were largely driven by the negative impacts of aridity on soil organic carbon content, which positively affected the abundance and diversity of both bacteria and fungi. Aridity promoted shifts in the composition of soil bacteria, with increases in the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and α-Proteobacteria and decreases in Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Contrary to what has been reported by previous continental and global-scale studies, soil pH was not a major driver of bacterial diversity, and fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota. Our results fill a critical gap in our understanding of soil microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems. They suggest that changes in aridity, such as those predicted by climatechange models, may reduce microbial abundance and diversity, a response that will likely impact the provision of key ecosystem services by global drylands.
KW - Arid
KW - Bacteria
KW - Climate change
KW - Fungi
KW - Semiarid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84952684109&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1516684112
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1516684112
M3 - Article
C2 - 26647180
AN - SCOPUS:84952684109
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 112
SP - 15684
EP - 15689
JO - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
JF - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
IS - 51
ER -