Integrated Duty Cycle Control for Multiple Renewable Energy Sources in a Grid Connected System

Due to their abundance, affordability, and clean energy production, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) have emerged as crucial sources of electricity production. As a result, considerable effort has been made to integrate renewable energy sources into the grid to help it meet energy demands. One of the challenges is the Maximum Power Extraction (MPE), where the maximum power needs to be extracted from each RES. The cost of implementation rises linearly with the number of RESs if the MPE arrangements are being made for each RES individually. Additionally, the MPE through multiple RES systems gets more challenging, especially when several PhotoVoltaic (PV) strings are connected and each PV string receive non-uniform irradiance. This paper proposes an integrated MPE control system for a multi-RES grid-connected system. The proposed solution uses a single microcontroller to maximize power from all sources to overcome the linearly growing cost problem. Moreover, we propose an improved Multi-Dimensional Cuckoo (MDC) algorithm for MPE to tackle the non-uniform irradiation problem with multi-string PV, in contrast to prior works with grid-connected multiple sources. The proposed technique is first put up against the individual MPE control system, and then it is put up against the Jaya algorithm that is documented in the literature for a typical one-dimensional MPE.