TY - JOUR
T1 - Large Numerical Aperture Metalens with High Modulation Transfer Function
AU - Zhang, Jian
AU - Dun, Xiong
AU - Zhu, Jingyuan
AU - Zhang, Zhanyi
AU - Feng, Chao
AU - Wang, Zhanshan
AU - Heidrich, Wolfgang
AU - Cheng, Xinbin
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2023-03-17
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Shanghai Pujiang Program (20PJ1414200); National Natural Science Foundation of China (61621001, 61925504, 6201101335, 62020106009, 62105243, 62192770, 62192772); Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (17JC1400800, 20JC1414600, 21JC1406100); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2021SHZDZX0100).
PY - 2023/3/14
Y1 - 2023/3/14
N2 - Large numerical aperture (NA) lenses with high modulation transfer functions (MTFs) promise high image resolution for advanced optical imaging. However, it is challenging to achieve a high MTF using traditional large-NA lenses, which are fundamentally limited by the amplitude mismatch. In contrast, metasurfaces are promising for realizing amplitude and phase matching for ideal lenses. However, current metalenses are mostly based on a phase-only (PO) profile because the strong coupling among the metaatoms in large-NA lenses makes perfect amplitude matching quite challenging to realize. Here, we derive a phase-and-amplitude (PA) profile that approaches the theoretical MTF limit for large-NA lenses and use interferometric unit cells combined with a segmented sampling approach to achieve the desired amplitude and phase control. For the first time, we show that the amplitude does not require a perfect match; realizing the trend of the required amplitude is sufficient to significantly increase the MTF of a large-NA lens. We demonstrated a 0.9 NA cylindrical metalens at 940 nm with a Struve ratio (SR), which describes how close the MTF is to the upper limit, increasing from 0.68 to 0.90 compared with the PO metalens. Experimentally, we achieved an SR of 0.77 for the 0.9 NA lens, which is even 0.09 higher than the simulated SR of the PO metalens. Our investigation provides new insights for large-NA lenses and has potential applications in high-image-resolution optical systems.
AB - Large numerical aperture (NA) lenses with high modulation transfer functions (MTFs) promise high image resolution for advanced optical imaging. However, it is challenging to achieve a high MTF using traditional large-NA lenses, which are fundamentally limited by the amplitude mismatch. In contrast, metasurfaces are promising for realizing amplitude and phase matching for ideal lenses. However, current metalenses are mostly based on a phase-only (PO) profile because the strong coupling among the metaatoms in large-NA lenses makes perfect amplitude matching quite challenging to realize. Here, we derive a phase-and-amplitude (PA) profile that approaches the theoretical MTF limit for large-NA lenses and use interferometric unit cells combined with a segmented sampling approach to achieve the desired amplitude and phase control. For the first time, we show that the amplitude does not require a perfect match; realizing the trend of the required amplitude is sufficient to significantly increase the MTF of a large-NA lens. We demonstrated a 0.9 NA cylindrical metalens at 940 nm with a Struve ratio (SR), which describes how close the MTF is to the upper limit, increasing from 0.68 to 0.90 compared with the PO metalens. Experimentally, we achieved an SR of 0.77 for the 0.9 NA lens, which is even 0.09 higher than the simulated SR of the PO metalens. Our investigation provides new insights for large-NA lenses and has potential applications in high-image-resolution optical systems.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/690388
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c02029
U2 - 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c02029
DO - 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c02029
M3 - Article
SN - 2330-4022
JO - ACS Photonics
JF - ACS Photonics
ER -