Machine Learning Architectures for Price Formation Models

Here, we study machine learning (ML) architectures to solve a mean-field games (MFGs) system arising in price formation models. We formulate a training process that relies on a min–max characterization of the optimal control and price variables. Our main theoretical contribution is the development of a posteriori estimates as a tool to evaluate the convergence of the training process. We illustrate our results with numerical experiments for linear dynamics and both quadratic and non-quadratic models.