TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular fingerprints and health risks of smoke from home-use incense burning
AU - Song, Kai
AU - Tang, Rongzhi
AU - Zhang, Jingshun
AU - Wan, Zichao
AU - Zhang, Yuan
AU - Hu, Kun
AU - Gong, Yuanzheng
AU - Lv, Daqi
AU - Lu, Sihua
AU - Tan, Yu
AU - Zhang, Ruifeng
AU - Li, Ang
AU - Yan, Shuyuan
AU - Yan, Shichao
AU - Fan, Baoming
AU - Zhu, Wenfei
AU - Chan, Chak K.
AU - Yao, Maosheng
AU - Guo, Song
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/11/1
Y1 - 2023/11/1
N2 - The burning of incense for home use is a widespread practice that has been shown to have significant negative impacts on human health and air quality. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding its emission profiles and associated health risks. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a state-of-the-art thermal-desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (TD-GC × GC-MS) to (semi-)quantify the emission factors (EFs) of 317 volatile compounds and thoroughly investigate the organic profiles of smoke from incense burning across a full-volatility range. Results showed that toluene (70.8±35.7 μgg-1) is the most abundant compound in smoke from incensing burning, followed by benzene, furfural, and phenol. Phenol, toluene, furfural, 2-furanmethanol, benzene, and benzyl alcohol are the main contributors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation. Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) accounted for 19.2 % of the total EFs but 40.0 % of the estimated SOA. Additionally, a novel pixel-based method, combined with aroma analysis, revealed that furfural can act as a key tracer of incense burning and is responsible for the distinctive aroma of incense smoke. High-bioaccumulation-potential (BAP) assessment using pixel-based partition coefficient estimation revealed that acenaphthylene, dibenzofuran, and phthalate esters (PAEs) are chemicals of high-risk concern and warrant further control. Our results highlight the critical importance of investigating home-use incense burning and provide new insights into the health impacts of smoke from incense burning using novel approaches.
AB - The burning of incense for home use is a widespread practice that has been shown to have significant negative impacts on human health and air quality. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding its emission profiles and associated health risks. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a state-of-the-art thermal-desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (TD-GC × GC-MS) to (semi-)quantify the emission factors (EFs) of 317 volatile compounds and thoroughly investigate the organic profiles of smoke from incense burning across a full-volatility range. Results showed that toluene (70.8±35.7 μgg-1) is the most abundant compound in smoke from incensing burning, followed by benzene, furfural, and phenol. Phenol, toluene, furfural, 2-furanmethanol, benzene, and benzyl alcohol are the main contributors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation. Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) accounted for 19.2 % of the total EFs but 40.0 % of the estimated SOA. Additionally, a novel pixel-based method, combined with aroma analysis, revealed that furfural can act as a key tracer of incense burning and is responsible for the distinctive aroma of incense smoke. High-bioaccumulation-potential (BAP) assessment using pixel-based partition coefficient estimation revealed that acenaphthylene, dibenzofuran, and phthalate esters (PAEs) are chemicals of high-risk concern and warrant further control. Our results highlight the critical importance of investigating home-use incense burning and provide new insights into the health impacts of smoke from incense burning using novel approaches.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178218700&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023
DO - 10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85178218700
SN - 1680-7316
VL - 23
SP - 13585
EP - 13595
JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
IS - 21
ER -