TY - JOUR
T1 - New Chemical Dopant and Counterion Mechanism for Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors
AU - Le, Vianna N.
AU - Bombile, Joel H.
AU - Rupasinghe, Gehan S.
AU - Baustert, Kyle N.
AU - Li, Ruipeng
AU - Maria, Iuliana P.
AU - Shahi, Maryam
AU - Alarcon Espejo, Paula
AU - McCulloch, Iain
AU - Graham, Kenneth R.
AU - Risko, Chad
AU - Paterson, Alexandra F.
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2023-07-24
Acknowledgements: V.N.L., G.S.R, M.S, and A.F.P thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) through cooperative agreement number 1849213 for financial support. K.N.B. and K.G. acknowledge support from the NSF through award 1905734. J.H.B. and C.R. were supported by the Center for Soft PhotoElectroChemical Systems, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by DOE, Office of Science, BES under Award # DE-SC0023411 (density functional theory simulations). This research used CMS beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Computing resources on the Lipscomb High Performance Computing Cluster were provided by the University of Kentucky Information Technology Department and the Center for Computational Sciences (CCS). K. R. G. and K. N. B. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1905734).
PY - 2023/7/19
Y1 - 2023/7/19
N2 - Organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs) have varied performance requirements across a diverse application space. Chemically doping the OMIEC can be a simple, low-cost approach for adapting performance metrics. However, complex challenges, such as identifying new dopant materials and elucidating design rules, inhibit its realization. Here, these challenges are approached by introducing a new n-dopant, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBA-OH), and identifying a new design consideration underpinning its success. TBA-OH behaves as both a chemical n-dopant and morphology additive in donor acceptor co-polymer naphthodithiophene diimide-based polymer, which serves as an electron transporting material in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The combined effects enhance OECT transconductance, charge carrier mobility, and volumetric capacitance, representative of the key metrics underpinning all OMIEC applications. Additionally, when the TBA+ counterion adopts an “edge-on” location relative to the polymer backbone, Coulombic interaction between the counterion and polaron is reduced, and polaron delocalization increases. This is the first time such mechanisms are identified in doped-OECTs and doped-OMIECs. The work herein therefore takes the first steps toward developing the design guidelines needed to realize chemical doping as a generic strategy for tailoring performance metrics in OECTs and OMIECs.
AB - Organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs) have varied performance requirements across a diverse application space. Chemically doping the OMIEC can be a simple, low-cost approach for adapting performance metrics. However, complex challenges, such as identifying new dopant materials and elucidating design rules, inhibit its realization. Here, these challenges are approached by introducing a new n-dopant, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBA-OH), and identifying a new design consideration underpinning its success. TBA-OH behaves as both a chemical n-dopant and morphology additive in donor acceptor co-polymer naphthodithiophene diimide-based polymer, which serves as an electron transporting material in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The combined effects enhance OECT transconductance, charge carrier mobility, and volumetric capacitance, representative of the key metrics underpinning all OMIEC applications. Additionally, when the TBA+ counterion adopts an “edge-on” location relative to the polymer backbone, Coulombic interaction between the counterion and polaron is reduced, and polaron delocalization increases. This is the first time such mechanisms are identified in doped-OECTs and doped-OMIECs. The work herein therefore takes the first steps toward developing the design guidelines needed to realize chemical doping as a generic strategy for tailoring performance metrics in OECTs and OMIECs.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/693173
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202207694
U2 - 10.1002/advs.202207694
DO - 10.1002/advs.202207694
M3 - Article
C2 - 37466175
SN - 2198-3844
JO - Advanced Science
JF - Advanced Science
ER -