Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

Iman S. Roqan; S. Venkatesh; Zhenkui Zhang; Shahid Hussain; Ioannis Bantounas; J. B. Franklin; Tahani H. Flemban; B. Zou; J.-S. Lee; Udo Schwingenschlögl; P. K. Petrov; M. P. Ryan; N. M. Alford

doi:10.1063/1.4908288

Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

Iman S. Roqan, S. Venkatesh, Zhenkui Zhang, Shahid Hussain, Ioannis Bantounas, J. B. Franklin, Tahani H. Flemban, B. Zou, J.-S. Lee, Udo Schwingenschlögl, P. K. Petrov, M. P. Ryan, N. M. Alford

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56 Scopus citations

Abstract

We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	073904
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	117
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908288
State	Published - Feb 21 2015

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Roqan, I. S., Venkatesh, S., Zhang, Z., Hussain, S., Bantounas, I., Franklin, J. B., Flemban, T. H., Zou, B., Lee, J.-S., Schwingenschlögl, U., Petrov, P. K., Ryan, M. P., & Alford, N. M. (2015). Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes. Journal of Applied Physics, 117(7), 073904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908288

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title = "Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes",

abstract = "We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.",

author = "Roqan, {Iman S.} and S. Venkatesh and Zhenkui Zhang and Shahid Hussain and Ioannis Bantounas and Franklin, {J. B.} and Flemban, {Tahani H.} and B. Zou and J.-S. Lee and Udo Schwingenschl{\"o}gl and Petrov, {P. K.} and Ryan, {M. P.} and Alford, {N. M.}",

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T1 - Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

AU - Roqan, Iman S.

AU - Venkatesh, S.

AU - Zhang, Zhenkui

AU - Hussain, Shahid

AU - Bantounas, Ioannis

AU - Franklin, J. B.

AU - Flemban, Tahani H.

AU - Zou, B.

AU - Lee, J.-S.

AU - Schwingenschlögl, Udo

AU - Petrov, P. K.

AU - Ryan, M. P.

AU - Alford, N. M.

N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01

PY - 2015/2/21

Y1 - 2015/2/21

N2 - We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.

AB - We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.

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U2 - 10.1063/1.4908288

DO - 10.1063/1.4908288

M3 - Article

SN - 0021-8979

VL - 117

SP - 073904

JO - Journal of Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Applied Physics

IS - 7

ER -

Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

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