Polyolefin-Based Janus Separator for Rechargeable Sodium Batteries

Rechargeable sodium batteries are a promising technology for low-cost energy storage. However, the undesirable drawbacks originating from the use of glass fiber membrane separators have long been overlooked. A versatile grafting–filtering strategy was developed to controllably tune commercial polyolefin separators for sodium batteries. The as-developed Janus separators contain a single–ion-conducting polymer-grafted side and a functional low-dimensional material coated side. When employed in room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries, the poly(1-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propylsulfonyl]-1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide sodium)-grafted side effectively enhances the electrolyte wettability, and inhibits polysulfide diffusion and sodium dendrite growth. Moreover, a titanium-deficient nitrogen-containing MXene-coated side electrocatalytically improved the polysulfide conversion kinetics. The as-developed batteries demonstrate high capacity and extended cycling life with lean electrolyte loading.