Quantification Methodology of Ammonia Produced from Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Nitrogen/Nitrate Reduction

Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo, Hao Wu*, Yun Hau Ng*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) provide a potential sustainable route by which to produce ammonia, a next-generation energy carrier. Many studies have been conducted over the years, mainly emphasizing material design and strategies to improve catalytic performance. Despite significant achievements in material design and corresponding fundamental knowledge, the produced ammonia is still very limited, which makes it prone to bias. The presence of interferants (e.g., cations and sacrificial reagents), the pH of the solution, and improper analytical procedure can lead to the over or underestimation of ammonia quantification. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate ammonia quantification method, which meets the sample solution condition, along with the proper analytical procedures, is of great importance. In this review, the state-of-the-art ammonia quantification method is summarized, emphasizing the advantages, limitations, and practicality for NRR and NO3RR studies. Fundamental knowledge of the quantification method is introduced. Perspective on the considerations for selecting the suitable quantification method and for performing the quantification process is also provided. Although non exhaustive, this focused review can be useful as a guide to design the experimental setup and procedure for more reliable ammonia quantification results.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number27
JournalEnergies
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2023

Keywords

  • ammonia
  • detection
  • nitrate reduction
  • nitrogen reduction
  • quantification

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
  • Fuel Technology
  • Engineering (miscellaneous)
  • Energy Engineering and Power Technology
  • Energy (miscellaneous)
  • Control and Optimization
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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