Radio Sensing Using 5G Signals: Concepts, State-of-the-art and Challenges

Radio sensing has become increasingly important, as the demand for "smartness" is drastically increasing. Unlike conventional sensing, radio sensing uses existing radio signals or devices to passively sense the ambient environment for low cost and wide deployment. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of radio sensing using the recent fifth generation (5G) signals is provided. 5G systems have many merits, such as high frequency, large bandwidth, massive antenna array and dense network, making them ideal for radio sensing. In the overview, basic theories and concepts of 5G radio sensing are first introduced. Then, different state-of-the-art 5G sensing works are discussed based on their applications. These applications show that 5G radio sensing represents a step change in radio sensing. After that, several open challenges in 5G radio sensing are illustrated with relevant insights. These insights manifest that 5G radio sensing has great potentials to explore.