TY - JOUR
T1 - Reactivity of silica-supported hafnium tris-neopentyl with dihydrogen
T2 - Formation and characterization of silica surface hafnium hydrides and alkyl hydride
AU - Tosin, Géraldine
AU - Santini, Catherine C.
AU - Baudouin, Anne
AU - De Mailman, Aimery
AU - Fiddy, Steven
AU - Dablemont, Céline
AU - Basset, Jean Marie
PY - 2007/8/13
Y1 - 2007/8/13
N2 - Surface organometallic chemistry represents an approach to the preparation of well-defined single sites for catalysis, the possibility of observing some elementary reaction steps, and the development of a fundamental basis for the synthesis of tailor-made catalysts. Silica-supported metal hydrides are an important class of new catalysts for alkane metathesis, methanolysis of alkanes, Ziegler-Natta depolymerization, alkane hydrogenolysis, etc. Understanding their mechanism of formation and aging is crucial. In the work presented here, the reaction of the well-defined silica surface organometallic complex [(≡SiO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], 1, ((≡SiO) = silica surface ligand) with dihydrogen has been performed at different temperatures (θ). At θ < 100°C, there is formation of a stable hafnium neopentyl dihydride, [(=SiO)-Hf(CH2tBu)(H)2], 2. For 100 < 0 < 200°C, 2 affords, via a succession of β-methyl transfer and subsequent hydrogenolysis of the resulting Hf-alkyl bonds, the formation of [(≡SiO)2Hf(H)2], 3, and [(=SiO)3SiH] with evolution of methane (C1) and ethane (C2). For 150 < θ < 300°C, 3 is totally converted into [(≡SiO) 3Hf(H)], 4, and [(≡SiO)2Si(H)2]. For θ > 300°C, [(≡SiO)3Hf(H)], 4, is transformed into [(≡ SiO)4HfJ, 5, and [(≡SiO)2Si(H) 2] into [(≡SiO)3SiH]. At this temperature, [(≡SiO)3SiH] is the only hydride remaining on the surface. All these species have been characterized with a multitude of techniques such as elemental analysis and infrared, 1H solid-state NMR, 1H DQ solid-state NMR, and EXAFS spectroscopies. The results elucidate a complete mechanism of surface organometallic chemistry by which one observes the stepwise transformation of a hafnium tris-neopentyl to hafnium neopentyl hydrides, hafnium mono- and bis-hydrides, silicon bis-hydride with the ultimate formation of tetrasiloxy surface species [(≡SiO)4Hf)], and silicon mono-hydride, the only hydride stable at very high temperature. It is suggested that the formation of these surface silicon hydrides is responsible for the aging of such catalysts in any reaction involving dihydrogen.
AB - Surface organometallic chemistry represents an approach to the preparation of well-defined single sites for catalysis, the possibility of observing some elementary reaction steps, and the development of a fundamental basis for the synthesis of tailor-made catalysts. Silica-supported metal hydrides are an important class of new catalysts for alkane metathesis, methanolysis of alkanes, Ziegler-Natta depolymerization, alkane hydrogenolysis, etc. Understanding their mechanism of formation and aging is crucial. In the work presented here, the reaction of the well-defined silica surface organometallic complex [(≡SiO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], 1, ((≡SiO) = silica surface ligand) with dihydrogen has been performed at different temperatures (θ). At θ < 100°C, there is formation of a stable hafnium neopentyl dihydride, [(=SiO)-Hf(CH2tBu)(H)2], 2. For 100 < 0 < 200°C, 2 affords, via a succession of β-methyl transfer and subsequent hydrogenolysis of the resulting Hf-alkyl bonds, the formation of [(≡SiO)2Hf(H)2], 3, and [(=SiO)3SiH] with evolution of methane (C1) and ethane (C2). For 150 < θ < 300°C, 3 is totally converted into [(≡SiO) 3Hf(H)], 4, and [(≡SiO)2Si(H)2]. For θ > 300°C, [(≡SiO)3Hf(H)], 4, is transformed into [(≡ SiO)4HfJ, 5, and [(≡SiO)2Si(H) 2] into [(≡SiO)3SiH]. At this temperature, [(≡SiO)3SiH] is the only hydride remaining on the surface. All these species have been characterized with a multitude of techniques such as elemental analysis and infrared, 1H solid-state NMR, 1H DQ solid-state NMR, and EXAFS spectroscopies. The results elucidate a complete mechanism of surface organometallic chemistry by which one observes the stepwise transformation of a hafnium tris-neopentyl to hafnium neopentyl hydrides, hafnium mono- and bis-hydrides, silicon bis-hydride with the ultimate formation of tetrasiloxy surface species [(≡SiO)4Hf)], and silicon mono-hydride, the only hydride stable at very high temperature. It is suggested that the formation of these surface silicon hydrides is responsible for the aging of such catalysts in any reaction involving dihydrogen.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548166277&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/om070214q
DO - 10.1021/om070214q
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34548166277
SN - 0276-7333
VL - 26
SP - 4118
EP - 4127
JO - Organometallics
JF - Organometallics
IS - 17
ER -