TY - JOUR
T1 - Seismic Inversion by Hybrid Machine Learning
AU - Chen, Yuqing
AU - Saygin, Erdinc
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-10-07
Acknowledgements: This research was fully funded by the Deep Earth Imaging Future Science Platform, CSIRO. The authors thank Dr. Mehdi Tork Qashqai and Dr. Caroline Johnson for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. They would like to thank Dr. Ben Harwood and Dr. Muming Zhao from Data 61, CSIRO for their guidance and insights on convolutional autoencoder. They would like to thank the Center for Subsurface Imaging and Fluid Modeling (CSIM), KAUST for the release of the Aqaba data. They also appreciate the time and efforts of the editor - Prof. Yehuda Ben-Zion, associate editor - Prof. Andrew Curtis, reviewer - Prof. Tariq Alkhalifah and one anonymous reviewer in reviewing this manuscript.
This publication acknowledges KAUST support, but has no KAUST affiliated authors.
PY - 2021/9/23
Y1 - 2021/9/23
N2 - We present a hybrid machine learning (HML) inversion method, which uses the latent space (LS) features of a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to estimate the subsurface velocity model. The LS features are the effective low-dimensional representation of the high-dimensional seismic data. However, no equations exist to describe the relationship between the perturbation of an LS feature and the velocity perturbation. To address this problem, we use automatic differentiation (AD) to connect the two terms. Following this step, we use the wave-equation inversion to invert the LS features for the subsurface velocity model. The HML misfit function measures the LS feature differences between the observed and predicted seismic data in a low-dimensional space, which is less affected by the cycle-skipping problem compared to the waveform mismatch in a high-dimensional space. A low dimensional LS feature mainly contains the kinematic information of seismic data, while a large dimensional LS feature can also preserve the dynamic information of seismic data. Therefore, the HML inversion can recover the subsurface velocity model in a multiscale approach by inverting the LS features with different dimensions. Based on the different ways of utilizing AD to compute the velocity gradient, we propose full- and semi-automatic approaches to solve this problem. These two approaches are mathematically equivalent; the former is easier to implement, while the latter is computationally more efficient. Numerical tests show that the HML inversion method can effectively recover both the low- and high-wavenumber velocity information by inverting the LS features with different dimensions.
AB - We present a hybrid machine learning (HML) inversion method, which uses the latent space (LS) features of a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to estimate the subsurface velocity model. The LS features are the effective low-dimensional representation of the high-dimensional seismic data. However, no equations exist to describe the relationship between the perturbation of an LS feature and the velocity perturbation. To address this problem, we use automatic differentiation (AD) to connect the two terms. Following this step, we use the wave-equation inversion to invert the LS features for the subsurface velocity model. The HML misfit function measures the LS feature differences between the observed and predicted seismic data in a low-dimensional space, which is less affected by the cycle-skipping problem compared to the waveform mismatch in a high-dimensional space. A low dimensional LS feature mainly contains the kinematic information of seismic data, while a large dimensional LS feature can also preserve the dynamic information of seismic data. Therefore, the HML inversion can recover the subsurface velocity model in a multiscale approach by inverting the LS features with different dimensions. Based on the different ways of utilizing AD to compute the velocity gradient, we propose full- and semi-automatic approaches to solve this problem. These two approaches are mathematically equivalent; the former is easier to implement, while the latter is computationally more efficient. Numerical tests show that the HML inversion method can effectively recover both the low- and high-wavenumber velocity information by inverting the LS features with different dimensions.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672173
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JB021589
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115672692&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2020JB021589
DO - 10.1029/2020JB021589
M3 - Article
SN - 2169-9356
VL - 126
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
IS - 9
ER -