TY - JOUR
T1 - Strigolactone biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved, regulated by phosphate starvation and contributes to resistance against phytopathogenic fungi in a moss, Physcomitrella patens
AU - Decker, Eva L.
AU - Alder, Adrian
AU - Hunn, Stefan
AU - Ferguson, Jenny
AU - Lehtonen, Mikko T.
AU - Scheler, Bjoern
AU - Kerres, Klaus L.
AU - Wiedemann, Gertrud
AU - Safavi-Rizi, Vajiheh
AU - Nordzieke, Steffen
AU - Balakrishna, Aparna
AU - Baz, Lina
AU - Avalos, Javier
AU - Valkonen, Jari P. T.
AU - Reski, Ralf
AU - Al-Babili, Salim
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
Acknowledgements: We thank Harro Bouwmeester and Carolien Ruyter-Spira for valuable discussions, Agnes Novakovic for supporting the generation and analysis of DCCD lines, and Anne Katrin Prowse for editing the language of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; grant AL892/1- 4 and the Graduiertenkolleg 1305 ‘Plant Signal Systems’), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST; baseline funding of S.A-B.), the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments (grant no. EXC 294 BIOSS to R.R.), and The Academy of Finland (grant 1253126 to J.P.T.V.).
PY - 2017/3/6
Y1 - 2017/3/6
N2 - In seed plants, strigolactones (SLs) regulate architecture and induce mycorrhizal symbiosis in response to environmental cues. SLs are formed by combined activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) 7 and 8 from 9-cis-β-carotene, leading to carlactone that is converted by cytochromes P450 (clade 711; MAX1 in Arabidopsis) into various SLs. As Physcomitrella patens possesses CCD7 and CCD8 homologs but lacks MAX1, we investigated if PpCCD7 together with PpCCD8 form carlactone and how deletion of these enzymes influences growth and interactions with the environment. We investigated the enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 and PpCCD8 in vitro, identified the formed products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS, and generated and analysed ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 mutants. We defined enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 as a stereospecific 9-cis-CCD and PpCCD8 as a carlactone synthase. ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 lines showed enhanced caulonema growth, which was revertible by adding the SL analogue GR24 or carlactone. Wild-type (WT) exudates induced seed germination in Orobanche ramosa. This activity was increased upon phosphate starvation and abolished in exudates of both mutants. Furthermore, both mutants showed increased susceptibility to phytopathogenic fungi. Our study reveals the deep evolutionary conservation of SL biosynthesis, SL function, and its regulation by biotic and abiotic cues.
AB - In seed plants, strigolactones (SLs) regulate architecture and induce mycorrhizal symbiosis in response to environmental cues. SLs are formed by combined activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) 7 and 8 from 9-cis-β-carotene, leading to carlactone that is converted by cytochromes P450 (clade 711; MAX1 in Arabidopsis) into various SLs. As Physcomitrella patens possesses CCD7 and CCD8 homologs but lacks MAX1, we investigated if PpCCD7 together with PpCCD8 form carlactone and how deletion of these enzymes influences growth and interactions with the environment. We investigated the enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 and PpCCD8 in vitro, identified the formed products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS, and generated and analysed ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 mutants. We defined enzymatic activity of PpCCD7 as a stereospecific 9-cis-CCD and PpCCD8 as a carlactone synthase. ΔCCD7 and ΔCCD8 lines showed enhanced caulonema growth, which was revertible by adding the SL analogue GR24 or carlactone. Wild-type (WT) exudates induced seed germination in Orobanche ramosa. This activity was increased upon phosphate starvation and abolished in exudates of both mutants. Furthermore, both mutants showed increased susceptibility to phytopathogenic fungi. Our study reveals the deep evolutionary conservation of SL biosynthesis, SL function, and its regulation by biotic and abiotic cues.
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623062
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.14506/abstract
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85014476210&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/nph.14506
DO - 10.1111/nph.14506
M3 - Article
C2 - 28262967
SN - 0028-646X
VL - 216
SP - 455
EP - 468
JO - New Phytologist
JF - New Phytologist
IS - 2
ER -