Synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional CdSe by a novel reverse micelle assisted hydrothermal method

Nanocrystalline cadmium selenide (CdSe) is a low bandgap material (E_g = 1.75   eV, at room temperature) with potential applications in photoelectronic devices. Its electronic properties are dependent on the dimensions of the crystals. In this study, one-dimensional wurtzite CdSe nanoparticles with a diameter of 43 ± 6   nm and an aspect ratio of 3.7 ± 0.6 were synthesized through a novel reverse micelle assisted hydrothermal method at a relatively low temperature. This method combines the advantages of the hydrothermal method's ability to achieve good crystallinity with the well-controlled growth offered by the reverse micelle method. The morphology of the nanoparticles can be controlled by the amount of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), the amount of hydrazine hydrate and the reaction temperature. It is proposed that AOT controls the length while hydrazine hydrate controls the diameter of the growing nanocrystals. The photoluminescence (PL) of individual nanorods and the longitudinal-optical phonon properties were mapped using confocal microscopy. Raman spectroscopy showed a blue-shift of both the LO and 2LO phonon peaks which may be due to a lattice contraction of the CdSe nanorods. A nucleation and growth mechanism for these nanoparticles is also proposed based on time-dependent studies.