TY - JOUR
T1 - The trace element content of top-soil and wild edible mushroom samples collected in Tuscany, Italy
AU - Giannaccini, Gino
AU - Betti, Laura
AU - Palego, Lionella
AU - Mascia, Giovanni
AU - Schmid, Lara
AU - Lanza, Mario
AU - Mela, Antonio
AU - Fabbrini, Laura
AU - Biondi, Luciano
AU - Lucacchini, Antonio
PY - 2012/12
Y1 - 2012/12
N2 - The amount of the trace elements As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn was measured in top soils and edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera, collected at five distinct green microhabitats inside the Lucca province, North- Central Italy (years 2008-2009). Results showed a top soil element content within the Italian statutory limits. Concerning the amount of mushroom elements, we observed significant species-differences obtaining higher levels of Ni, Rb, and Se in B. edulis or As, Pb, Cu in M. procera. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs: element in mushroom/element in soil) resulted speciesdependent and element-selective: in particular, B. edulis preferentially accumulated Se (BCFs varying from14 to 153), while M. procera mainly concentrated Cu (BCFs varying from 5 to 15). As well, both species displayed between-site BCF differences. By a multivariate principal component approach, cluster analysis (CA), we could resolve two main clusters of soil element composition, corresponding to the most ecologically divergent sites. Besides, CA showed no cluster relating to element contents of B. edulis at the different collection sites, while a separation in groups was found for M. procera composition with respect to harvesting locations, suggesting uptake systems, in this saprotrophic species, sensitive to microhabitat. Regarding consumer safety, Cd, Hg, Pb levels resulted sometime relevant in present samples, never reaching values from current literature on mushrooms collected in urban-polluted areas. Our findings encourage a deeper assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metal intake by edible mushrooms, encompassing genetic biochemical and geo-ecological variables, with particular awareness to element bioavailability in soils and fungi.
AB - The amount of the trace elements As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn was measured in top soils and edible mushrooms, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera, collected at five distinct green microhabitats inside the Lucca province, North- Central Italy (years 2008-2009). Results showed a top soil element content within the Italian statutory limits. Concerning the amount of mushroom elements, we observed significant species-differences obtaining higher levels of Ni, Rb, and Se in B. edulis or As, Pb, Cu in M. procera. Bioaccumulation factors (BCFs: element in mushroom/element in soil) resulted speciesdependent and element-selective: in particular, B. edulis preferentially accumulated Se (BCFs varying from14 to 153), while M. procera mainly concentrated Cu (BCFs varying from 5 to 15). As well, both species displayed between-site BCF differences. By a multivariate principal component approach, cluster analysis (CA), we could resolve two main clusters of soil element composition, corresponding to the most ecologically divergent sites. Besides, CA showed no cluster relating to element contents of B. edulis at the different collection sites, while a separation in groups was found for M. procera composition with respect to harvesting locations, suggesting uptake systems, in this saprotrophic species, sensitive to microhabitat. Regarding consumer safety, Cd, Hg, Pb levels resulted sometime relevant in present samples, never reaching values from current literature on mushrooms collected in urban-polluted areas. Our findings encourage a deeper assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metal intake by edible mushrooms, encompassing genetic biochemical and geo-ecological variables, with particular awareness to element bioavailability in soils and fungi.
KW - Habitat
KW - Soils .Wild-growing edible mushrooms
KW - Species
KW - Trace elements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84871717417&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10661-012-2520-5
DO - 10.1007/s10661-012-2520-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 22371035
AN - SCOPUS:84871717417
SN - 0167-6369
VL - 184
SP - 7579
EP - 7595
JO - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
IS - 12
ER -