TY - GEN
T1 - Underwater turbulence on scintillating-fiber based omnidirectional underwater wireless optical communication system
AU - Guo, Yujian
AU - Marie, Sohailh
AU - Kong, Meiwei
AU - Sait, Mohammed
AU - Ng, Tien Khee
AU - Ooi, Boon S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (baseline funding, BAS/1/1614-01-01, KAUST funding KCR/1/2081-01-01, KCR/1/4114-01-01, and GEN/1/6607-01-01). We appreciate and acknowledge Water Sports Centre in KAUST by giving the access to the diving pool.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 SPIE
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) technology is vastly developing due to its advantages of high bandwidth, large capacity, and low latency. However, the complex underwater channel characteristics and strict requirements on pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) systems hinder the performance and augmentation of UWOC. A large-area scintillating-fiber-based UWOC system is proposed to solve the PAT issue while offering high-speed, omnidirectional data detection over turbulent underwater channels. In this work, we utilized 120-cm2 coverage area scintillating fibers as a photoreceiver. The large area scintillating fibers realize omnidirectional signal detection by absorbing an incident optical radiation, re-emitting it at a longer wavelength, and then guided to the end of the fibers connected with an avalanche photodetector. The UWOC system offers a 3-dB bandwidth of 66.62 MHz, and a 250 Mbit/s data rate is achieved using non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation. The system was tested over a 1.5-m underwater channel under turbulences of air bubbles, temperature, salinity, and turbidity. We generated bubbles by blowing 0.20, 0.63, and 1.98 mL/s speeds of Nitrogen gas flow. A temperature gradient of 1.33 and 2.67 Celsius/m was introduced by circulating warm and cold water at the two tank ends, respectively. Salinity concentrations at 35 and 40 ppt were introduced to emulate the salinity in the Red Sea. Lastly, different volumes of MaaloxTM were added into pure water to emulate pure sea, coastal ocean, and turbid harbor water. The fiber-based UWOC system operates under those turbulence conditions with error-free communication and 0% outage probability.
AB - The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) technology is vastly developing due to its advantages of high bandwidth, large capacity, and low latency. However, the complex underwater channel characteristics and strict requirements on pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) systems hinder the performance and augmentation of UWOC. A large-area scintillating-fiber-based UWOC system is proposed to solve the PAT issue while offering high-speed, omnidirectional data detection over turbulent underwater channels. In this work, we utilized 120-cm2 coverage area scintillating fibers as a photoreceiver. The large area scintillating fibers realize omnidirectional signal detection by absorbing an incident optical radiation, re-emitting it at a longer wavelength, and then guided to the end of the fibers connected with an avalanche photodetector. The UWOC system offers a 3-dB bandwidth of 66.62 MHz, and a 250 Mbit/s data rate is achieved using non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation. The system was tested over a 1.5-m underwater channel under turbulences of air bubbles, temperature, salinity, and turbidity. We generated bubbles by blowing 0.20, 0.63, and 1.98 mL/s speeds of Nitrogen gas flow. A temperature gradient of 1.33 and 2.67 Celsius/m was introduced by circulating warm and cold water at the two tank ends, respectively. Salinity concentrations at 35 and 40 ppt were introduced to emulate the salinity in the Red Sea. Lastly, different volumes of MaaloxTM were added into pure water to emulate pure sea, coastal ocean, and turbid harbor water. The fiber-based UWOC system operates under those turbulence conditions with error-free communication and 0% outage probability.
KW - omnidirectional data detection
KW - scintillating fiber
KW - underwater turbulence
KW - Underwater wireless optical communication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128384695&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1117/12.2607365
DO - 10.1117/12.2607365
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85128384695
T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
BT - Next-Generation Optical Communication
A2 - Li, Guifang
A2 - Nakajima, Kazuhide
PB - SPIE
T2 - Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems XI 2022
Y2 - 22 January 2022 through 27 January 2022
ER -