Volumetric MLFMA formulation for dielectric targets in the presence of a half-space

The fast multipole method (FMM) and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are extended to the analysis of volumetric electric field integral equations (VEFIE) for targets in the presence of a half-space, to calculate the electromagnetic fields scattered from dielectric scatterers situated above or within a half-space environment. The "near" interactions are handled via rigorous evaluation of the dyadic Green's functions, by using the discrete complex image technique (DCIT); the "far" interactions are calculated by considering image source elements and groups. Numerical results are presented for comparisons between the VEFIE and surface combined-field integral equation (SCFIE) MLFMA formulations.