TY - JOUR
T1 - Walnut extract protects against hepatic inflammation and toxicity induced by a high-fat diet
AU - Ali, Gauhar
AU - Zeb, Alam
AU - Usman, Muhammad
AU - Al-Babili, Salim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2024/10
Y1 - 2024/10
N2 - A high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the main causes of obesity and metabolic diseases. The liver is particularly affected by HFD causing metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease. Therefore, different strategies are used to mitigate the negative effects of HFD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of walnut extract against HFD-induced toxicity in mice. The mice were fed HFD and walnut extract alone or in combination. The walnut extract was analyzed for composition using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Serum lipid profile; liver histology; hepatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH); inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α; and phospholipids were determined. Results showed that phenolic acids, epicatechin, catechin, benzaldehyde, and juglone were the main constituents in the extract. The HFD group showed increased hepatic fat accumulation as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological examinations compared to the control animals. The HFD group mice also showed increased body and cardiac weights, modified lipid profiles, decreased antioxidant status, and increased levels of hepatic inflammatory markers. The weights of the body and heart, lipid profiles, antioxidant contents (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, TBARS, and GSH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were all normalized by consuming walnut extract. Similarly, the HFD group had significantly high amounts of hepatic lipase, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid levels, which were improved by walnut extract. In conclusion, walnut extract has been shown to play a unique role in promoting the recovery of liver damage caused by a high-fat diet.
AB - A high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the main causes of obesity and metabolic diseases. The liver is particularly affected by HFD causing metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease. Therefore, different strategies are used to mitigate the negative effects of HFD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of walnut extract against HFD-induced toxicity in mice. The mice were fed HFD and walnut extract alone or in combination. The walnut extract was analyzed for composition using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Serum lipid profile; liver histology; hepatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH); inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α; and phospholipids were determined. Results showed that phenolic acids, epicatechin, catechin, benzaldehyde, and juglone were the main constituents in the extract. The HFD group showed increased hepatic fat accumulation as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological examinations compared to the control animals. The HFD group mice also showed increased body and cardiac weights, modified lipid profiles, decreased antioxidant status, and increased levels of hepatic inflammatory markers. The weights of the body and heart, lipid profiles, antioxidant contents (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, TBARS, and GSH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were all normalized by consuming walnut extract. Similarly, the HFD group had significantly high amounts of hepatic lipase, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid levels, which were improved by walnut extract. In conclusion, walnut extract has been shown to play a unique role in promoting the recovery of liver damage caused by a high-fat diet.
KW - antioxidant
KW - fatty liver
KW - high-fat diet
KW - inflammation
KW - phenolic compounds
KW - walnut
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85202920020&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/fsn3.4405
DO - 10.1002/fsn3.4405
M3 - Article
C2 - 39479714
AN - SCOPUS:85202920020
SN - 2048-7177
VL - 12
SP - 8340
EP - 8352
JO - Food Science and Nutrition
JF - Food Science and Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -